نام کتاب : پژوهش های قرآنی نویسنده : دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم جلد : 26 صفحه : 21

خلاصه انگلیسى

In The Name of Allah
the Compassionate, the Merciful

Abstracts

The Qurterly Pajuheshhaye Qur'ani, No 25 & 26 which is now presented to you includes, as in previous issues, various sections consisting of: Topical Research (Women in the Quran),Iinterview, Qur'anic Monographs ( miscellaneous articles), and Bibliography sections as follows:

Section One

Status of Woman in the Qur'an

Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani

In this article the following subjects are studied in the light of Qur'an: Nature and creation of women and her morale; a glance at the women's right; and the women's duties.
It is, further on, pointed out that whether there exists equality between male and female - as it is believed in the west - or equity. The writer contends that the Qur'an suggests equity; and he opposes the equality since here due to the distinction between the sexes, equality is against equity. In the end, dubious issues (shubhas) such as patriarchy, polygamy, and punishment of wife by the husband are answered.

Woman from the Viewpoint of the Qur'an and the Culture of the Revelation Time (Part One )

Ayatullah Muhammad Hadi Ma'refat

The writer, in this article, intends to compare the status of woman in the Qur'an and in the culture of the age of Jahiliyyah (Paganism) before the revelation of the Qur'an and tries to demonstrate that the Qur'an has repudiated the false belief's of Jahiliyyah about the woman, and has taken well-thought measures in fighting against them. Accordingly, first the status of woman in the Qur'an expounded, and then the Qur'an's viewpoint about the superiority of boys over girls is analyzed. Further on, the reason for the philosophy of man's double share of inheritence as compared to that of the woman is expressed, and the error that the above decree is a recommendation by God rather than a necessity is criticized. Then, in two chapters, the role and status of woman both in witnessing and in judgment from the viewpoint of the Qur'an is reviewed; and finally, corporal punishment of women is considered - like slavery - among customs on which Islam has made time - tabled arrangement in order to gradually abolish it. To this end, the holy Prophet (S.A.W.) has first interpreted the above punishment as non - presecutive and unpainful in ayah 34, surah of Nisa' and in later ayahs along with the recommendation from the Prophet (S.A.W.) and the infallible Imams (A.S.) on treating women, The issue of punishment of women has totaly been ruled out.

Women's Personality and Role in Life from the Viewpoint of the Qur'an

Allmah Sayed Muhammad Fazlullah

Learning about women's identity and nature through the Qur'an and comparing them with man, the writer proceeds to a review of personality patterns of Maryam (Mary), Bilqis (the Queen of Seba) and Asiyah (Pharaoh's wife), and studies, in the light of the Qur'an, the common elements in man's and woman's presonality as commonalities of genuine human personality.
Further more, he analyzes some injunctions which seem incompatible with the above fact, such as women's less share in inheritance and the authority of man over woman. Then, sketching the personality foundation of women as viewed by the Qur'an, he asserts that categories like weakness of women, mandate of Hijab, and prohibition of association with men will by no means hinder woman's moderate developing within her human personality and playing an active role in cultural, social, and political responsibilities.

Hijab in the Qur'an

Dr. Sayed Ja'far Shahidi

In this article, reviewing the term of "Hijab" and its applications in the Qur'an, the writer examines the literal meaning of the terms " Jilbab" and "Khimar: which are mentioned in the Qur'an, as well as studying their applications in narations and poetry.
He also criticizes the meaning of the two terms from the viewpoints of the philologists.

Fundamentals and Criteria of Behavior Toward Women

Husayn Hashemi

The article intends to find some fundamentals and criteria for men's behavioral system toward women in the family from the viewpoint of the Qur'an. In the part for the fundamentals, men's and women's equality in creation, nature, and human indices, as well as the goal of the family institution as prerequisites for planing a behavioral system for men and women are brought up. In part dedicated to the equality of women and men in human indices, down-looking attitudes on women's intellect is criticized and it is concluded that man and woman equally enjoy the faculty of reason. Besides, " Treating with equity and kindness " which the writer views as an admirable conduct by reason, law, and convention, is introduced as the touchstone for behavior of men toward women.

Philosophy of Masculine-Orientedness of The Qur'an Discourses

Sayed Musa Sadr

In this article, the philosophy of masculinity of addresses and approaches in the Qur'an in dealing with topics are discussed. Following an explanation of the issue and the linguistic background leading to implying masculinity tone of the ayahs, the writer brings up five theories and proceeds to criticize them: 1. Conceptual generality, 2. Applicative generality (prevalence), 3. Speech generality (prevalence in conversation), 4. Impressibility from the Arab patriarch society in the time of revelation, and 5. Considering the external and objective reality of more persence of men in the arenas of life. Repudiating the first four viewpoints, the writer attempts to establish the last one.

Authority of Men on Women in the Family

Ebrahim Sajjadi

The relationship of men and women has throughout the history been persistently along with opperession and bullying. Such behavior has caused a phenomenon which came to be called Feminism, which in turn led to another factor of deprivation for women.
In this regard, the Muslims' manners and thought are severely confused and require to be revised. This article, seeking to obtain the Qur'ans viewpoint on the outhority of man, deliberates over the God-granted virtues and in this way establishes the equal and reciprocal rights of men and women. Authority, which in the own right, involves safeguarding and custoday, becomes objective only by standards of equity, being God-pleasing, and compassion in the from of playing the role of a housewife and fulfillment of the husband's rights, which is then led to women's consistency of personality.

The Viewpoint of the Qur'an on Women's Political Participation

Musa Husayni

In this article, women's "political Participation" right and their persence in various arenas of sovereignty and power is discussed. Giving a definition of "political participation", the writer reviews the Qur'anic verses for and against it and by analyzing them tries to criticize the opponents' view on political participation. In the end, upon establishing the participation right, he points out that this right within the family system leads to family interest.

A New Glance at the Hijab

Muhammad Mustafa Mukhtar

In this article, the writer attempts to examine the Hijab in the present era. In this line, first a special definition for Hijab is presented, and then Muslim women's motivation for observing Hijab as well as apprehension therein is touched upon.
Other part of this article include: The impact of Hijab on preventing the emergence of negative approaches in social relations such as increase of the age for marriage, causes of unveiledness such as advertisement, development of mixed-sex entertainment centers, association of freedom with unveiledness, unfamiliarity of Muslim women with full Islamic Hijab, etc. as well as deceits by enemies of Islam in promotion of unveildness, the nudity culture, and techniques for promotion of Hijab in the Islamic community. These topics have been reviewed in details utilizing the Qur'anic doctrines.

Blood Money for Women as Viewed by the Qur'an and feminism

Muhammad Bahrami

The writer, in this article, has first beriefly reviewed the term femenism, the origin of feministic movement, feministic waves, feministic attitude and movement in Iran, and then proceeded to criticize the two objections proposed by advocates of male-female equality on the blood money (diyah) for women. The two objections are: Incompatibility of narations with the Qur'anic verses; and confirmativeness of blood money as well as portions of it which is open to debate concerning women's blood money. In response to the first objection, the writer mentions two possibilities for the incompatible verses, and responds to the second one through analysis.

Intellectual Approaches to the Issue of women in the Qur'an

Sayed Heydar Alavi Nejad

This article includes two parts: The first part deals with the cultural origin of "Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd" who clamed to be the prepetuator of figures such as Qasim Amin, Tahir Haddad, and Zaki Najib Muhammad, and considers the Prophet (S.A.W.) as the offspring and an outcome of Jahiliyyah, and regards the Qur'an as a cultural product of the time. He believes that the Prophet (S.A.W.) effectuated a new identity, totally terrestrial, social and cultural, for the Arabs in a time of identity crisis, thus trying to desecrate the Qur'an through "historism" and "relativism". In the second part, the antecedents of the issue of polygamy among the intellectuals is reviewd and the opponents, reasons are criticized; and for the same reason by which Abu Zayd has argued on temporality of permission for polygamy, its permissibility for today is also established, since the same circumstances are still going on in more extensive degree and scale.

Section Two: Interview

An Interview with Ayatullah

Dr. Muhammad Sadeqi

In this interview, Ayatullah Dr. Sadeqi, the writer of the greate and invaluable interpretation of "Al-Furqan" answers various questions about women and the Qur'an, the most significant of which are: What the Qur'an means by the authority of man on woman, the boundary of this authority, superiority of men over women, the exceptionability of man's authority in the same specific circumstances, specifity or non-specifity of the Qur'anic injuctions about women in requirement and conditions of the revelation time, the quality of corporal punishment of women as permitted in the Qur'an, the way the Qur'anic injuctions developed about women, the philosophy of unequality of women and men in inheritance, the overal view of the Qur'an on women, etc.

Section Three: Miscellaneous Articles

Scientific Interpretation in "Almizan"

Ali Hedayat Zadeh

The writer introduces Allamah Tabatabaee as consenting to the scientific interpretation, and considers the difference of Allamah's scientific interpretation with others, in that Allamah does not directly make use of science in underestanding and interpreting the verses but first he interprets the verses with the help of other verses, and then take adventage of scientific interpretation, and avoids comparing the verses with scientific findings and date. Among instances of scientific interpretation in the Qur'an are the impact of weight on growth of plants; pairness of all things; expansion of the universe and the difference of night and day. In the end Allamah's method in criticism and survey of scientific interpretation is divided into in-religious and out-religious.

Pathology of Exegetic Narrations

Ali Akbar Rustami

In this article, first the necessity of guarding the heritage of narrational interpretation and the need to purge it of the Isra'iliyat and forged narrations by the extremists are pointed out. Then, the method of purging this heritage is touched upon and the pathology of exegetic narrations is considered as its precondition.
Further on, the separation of Tafsir from T'awil, studying trends in extremism, the impact of extremism on devising hadiths, and identifying Isra'iliyat are analyzed as comprising part of the above mentioned pathology. In this relation, viewpoints by great researchers of the Qur'an, such as Allamah Tabatabaee and Ustad Ma'rifat, are examined.

The Goals of the Qur'anic Stories

Dr. Abbas Ashrafi

The stories of the Qur'an which per se consist of a whole collection in the Qur'an, incorporate certain goals and benefits, 13 instances of which are extracted and enumerated in the present article. Among the goals and benefits are included: Encouraging of the Prophet (S.A.W.), taking admonishing lessons, expressing the principles of the Prophets da'wah (call to faith), educational modelling, stating divine traditions and the philosophy of history, the unity of religion, etc.

Section Four: Bibliography

Bibliography of Exegetical Studies in European Languages

Murtaza Karimi Nia

In this bibliographycal list, 420 titles of the books and essays published within the last two centuries in any of the English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish languages are introduced, whose topics are either interpretation of the Qur'an or the history of interpretation and interpraters. Under each title, its bibliographycal features such as name of the work, its author, place of publication, date of publication, etc., are given, and also it is pointed out at the footnote if it is translated into Persian or Arabic.
In the end, an index is appended to the list to facilitate its use.