Believers are always after lofty knowledge and
attainment of worldly favors and the favors of the other world and seek
nearness to God through their whispered conversations with God.
Therefore, they seek access to the Most High God and to the Fourteen
Infallibles (peace be upon them). The believers who have reached high
levels of the knowledge of God consider drawing nigh to God as their
innate object. It is possible for one to reach these levels by
following the course of free will and certain ways. The methods which
have to do with personal tastes lead to nowhere. The present paper
elaborates on the whispered conversations of God-seeking believers who
seek nearness to God.
Key words: nearness, nearness to God, supplication, whispered conversation, devotees, union with Deity.
The Holy Prophet’s Principles of Urban Management and Development in Medina
Hassan Sattari Sarebanqoli
Abstract
The holy Prophet (May the blessing and peace of Allah
be upon him and his progeny) shows a good example of Islamic
civilization for all ages and periods. The present paper tries to make
explicit the fundamental constituents of the holy Prophet's attitude
about urban development and management of Medinat al-Nabi. Using a
descriptive-analytical method, the author relys on library surveys and
on a review of the holy Prophet's conduct, practice, and speech to
support his argument. The research findings show the advanced
principles which the holy Prophet in the urban development, and urban
management of Medinat al-Nabi, in which both material and spiritual
aspects were taken into consideration. The principles of urban
management derived from the doctrines of urban development and
management in Medinat al-Nabi can be applied today to contemporary
Islamic cities with considerable modifications.
Key words: Medina al-Nabi, the holy Prophet
(May the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him and his progeny),
urban management, urban development, Islamic urban development.
The Order of Rights and Duties in Social
Relations in the View of Islam on the Basis of Imam Sajjad's Risalat
al-Hoquq (Treatise on Rights)
Ismail Sabir Kayuj
Abstract
Man is a social being and social life and social
relations make individuals' interests compete with their wills. To
solve this problem, we need a comprehensive system which determines
individuals' rights and duties concerning their conduct and relations
with other. Islam offers a particular view on social rights and duties.
Imam Sajjad's Risalat al- Hoquq (treatise on rights) addressed to a
number of Shi'ahs represents one of the most eloquent and comprehensive
models of principles on social rights and duties. Taking into account
Imam Sajjad’s words in this regard, the present paper tries to offer a
system of individuals' rights and duties concerning social relations
which can contribute to understanding the view of Islam in this respect.
Key words: right, duty, rights, moral right, Risalat al-Hoquq (treatise on rights), Imam Sajjad's treatise on rights.
The Principle of Social Justice in Islamic Management and Its Indexes
Rafi' al-Din Ismaili
Abstract
In Islam, "justice" is considered one of the basic
concepts and its practical administration in the society as one of the
most important social and political aims in Islam. Most political
schools, theories, and systems have tried theoretically and practically
to attribute social justice. All divine prophets have been sent to
realize this important aim. As the final religion, the true religion of
Islam considers administration of social justice as one of its main
aims. Therefore, there are many Qur’anic verses about justice and its
synonyms and antonyms, so that, in one of his speeches, Imam Ali
considers the holy Quran as a testimony to of justice. The present
research tries to study social justice which is of great importance in
Islamic management and point out its various aspects and indexes by
referring to religious sources.
Key words: justice, social justice, communications, manager.
Family and the Indicators of Regulating Sexual Relations
Mohammad 'Aarif Mohebbi
Abstract
The structural and cultural developments in modern
societies have increased the scale of individuals' sexual satisfaction
and brought problems to the function of the family in regulating sexual
behavior. The main question that arises here is: how can men and women
respond to their sexual needs within the family framework under these
conditions? What are the indicators of the function of regulating the
sexual behavior in an ideal Muslims family?
Regulating sexual behavior cannot be attained through
a complex mental and emotional process. According to Islam, the
process of sexual relation between wife and husband includes three
things which have to do with sexual care, sexual drives, and
intercourse. The indicators of regulating sexual behavior can be
defined according to these three things. As indicators of individuals'
sexual satisfaction within the family framework emotional purity,
sexual commitment, controlling one’s look, keeping dignity, observing
veil by woman, elegance, sexual difference, optimism, and love are among
the constituents inferred from religious sources.
Key words: Islam, family, commitment, loyalty, sexual instinct, titillation, intercourse, sexual satisfaction.
The Indicators of Just Labor Distribution System in Islam
Mohammad Ali Nazari
Abstract
The present paper tries to point out the indicators
of just labor distribution according to the Islamic epistemological
context. According to Islam, an ideal society has a particular
structure and has fundamental differences from that of the secular
social system. Islam considers that one of the main features of ideal
social system is the necessity of conformity between social structures
and the principles of social justice. According to Islam, social
justice is not only important as a criterion for judgment when
distinguishing between an ideal social system and an undesirable one,
but it also constitutes a sustainable order that can be established in
the society which is based on standards of justice. Therefore, this
paper tries to reflect on and infer the indicators of just labor
distribution from Islamic texts and sources.
Social Justice in Nahj al-Balaghah (Contexts, Barriers, and Achievements)
Ali Asghar Ahmadi
Abstract
Social justice which means "having access to the
existing facilities in a society by all the members of society
depending on the capacities" has for long been the hoped-for goal of
all leaders, thinkers, and free people the world over. In order to
achieve this desirable goal, we have to recognize the preliminaries to
and prerequisites of social justice. Taking a probing look at Nahj
al-Balaghah, the present paper seeks to discuss how it is possible for
all people to have access to public facilities by identifying the
"contexts, "barriers", and "achievements" of social justice.
The most important aim of this paper is to bring out
the best ideas and strategic thoughts about the way of administering
social justice by relying on most authentic Shiite religious source,
i.e. Nahj al- Balaghah.
This research which is based on library surveys
focuses on Nahj al-Balaghah and the commentaries and books related to
it. A descriptive- analytical method is used in this research.
The high capacity of Nahj al-Balaghah to explain most
crucial issues and demonstrate a part of Imam Ali's justice-oriented
administrative attitudes during his government are among the main
findings of this research.
Key words: justice, social justice, Imam Ali (peace be upon him), Nahj-al-Balaghah.
Solutions for "the Cultural Barriers to Broadening Knowledge" in Universities
Seyfullah Fazlullahi, Mansooreh Maleki Tavana
Abstract
The present research uses a descriptive-survey method
and its population statistics includes all faculty members of Qom
Islamic Azad University. A group consisting of 60 members were chosen
randomly to take part in the survey. A researcher-made questionnaire
including 10 graded items and 2 open items was used for gathering the
data. The data analysis shows that the cultural barriers are the most
effective barriers to broadening and developing knowledge in
universities. The most appropriate strategies towards broadening
knowledge are proposing a comprehensive plan for cultural assimilation
and developing appropriate methods for broadening knowledge. The methods
of overcoming the cultural barriers to broadening knowledge in
universities are respectively: developing theorization chairs,
criticism and scientific dialogue, practical support for scientific
ijtihad, changing administrative approaches towards enacting policies
and priority of man over strategies, maintaining and promoting
researchers and university scholars' scientific independence and freedom
and professional stability, changing the patterns of managing
universities form political bureaucracy to a participatory and
incorporative one, internalizing the need for knowledge and changing
broadening knowledge and thought into a general value in universities.
Key words: cultural barriers, broadening knowledge, solutions, universities, faculty members.
The Role of the Growth of the Youth in the Constitutional Revolution
Reza Ramezan Nargesi
Abstract
Many factors are responsible for the Constitutional
Revolution, one of which is the presence of the youth. The present
paper considers that the youth who took part in the Constitutional
Revolution are divided into four groups: 1. young seminary students, 2.
knightly youth, 3. voluntary young people working under the command of
religious scholars, and 4. young west-oriented intellectuals. The first
three groups sought to establish a native constitutional government
but the fourth were after forming a secular and west oriented
constitutional government.
Key words: the youth, population, Constitutional Revolution, religious scholars, Dar al –Funoon , intellectuals.
An Inquiry into Divorce
Yusuf Bahadori & Qasem Ebrahimipour
Abstract
Divorce or ending the connection between wife and
husband becomes valid by pronouncing especial words and it is different
from such concepts as marriage break-up, declaration of husband's loss
and desertion. In Islam giving the right of divorce to man is founded
on the traditions which confirm the idea of entrusting to man financial
responsibilities, and refer to natural and sexual differences between
man and woman. There are two kinds of divorce: the first is not
adherence to one’s promise including the promise to provide
conventional facilities for life, satisfying sexual need, paying
alimony and lack of understanding between spouses, and such thing like
absence of mutual affections, hatred, indency, emotional in attention
to religion, doing dishonest things, and addiction. Although Islam is
extremely against divorce, it approves it and sometimes considers
necessary when spouses do not adhere to their promise and do not do
their duties and when the philosophy of marriage and some social
institutions are in danger.