The Political Thought of Sheikh Ja'far Kāshif al-Ghitā'
Hussein Abadiyan* / Zahra Munazzah**
Being familiar more and more with political thought of
religious scholars and studying their life and struggles are among the
principal tasks of contemporary researchers. An attempt has been made
in this study to briefly explain the political thought of Sheikh Ja'far
Kāshif al-Ghitā', especially on the Wilayat-e Faqih (Jurist's
Guardianship). He authorized Qajar Fath-Ali Shah to declare Jihad based
on the same principle, making him his own lieutenant. Therefore, this
study is an attempt to present a biography of this great scholar, an
explanation of his struggles in Qajar period, as well as his political
thought on the role of religious scholars in government in view of
practical instances.
The Relation between
Religion and State under Sarbedars
Mahdi Fathiniā*
The Sarberdars' government was formed in a milieu where the
surrounding governments, including that of the Al-e Kart, were of
Sunni religion while being under pressure by the Mongols. In such a
milieu, the religious scholars were the only means for protecting this
government and promoting the true Shi'ah religion. Therefore, the
government depended on these scholars for its survival, and these
scholars ,too, needed the Sarbedarid government for promoting Shi'ism.
At the outset, the Sarbedars made use of the influence of
Sufi scholars to strengthen their government. At the end, with the
spread of Shi'ism in Beihaq region, the Sabedars needed jurists more
than Sufis. To meet this need, thus, the last Sarbedarid, Ali bin
Mu'ayyid, wrote a letter to Shahid I trying to invite him to come to
Beihaq region; this attempt, however, failed. Therefore, it is not
worthwhile to clarify further the relationship between Sarbedars and
the religious scholars.
KEY WORDS: Sarbedars' rising and government, Sufis, jurists
A Historical Investigation of
Epic-Mythological Approach to the Ashura Incident (From the Safawid Period up to the Constitutionalism Period)
Muhsen Ranjbar*
The present study deals with a historical investigation of
one of the most important and most famous readings of Ashura incident,
i.e. the epic-mythological reading from the Safawid Period up to the
Constitutionalism Period (with an emphasis on biographies of martyrs).
Accordingly, after stating the meaning of the two terms of epic and
myth, as well as the relation between them, the historical background
of this approach has been explained here. A historical investigation of
this approach, i.e. an analysis of features, backgrounds, and the
factors which contributed to the birth and spread of this approach have
been studied.
A Critical Review of the
Accounts on the Agnomen "Abū-torāb"
Mahdi Pishvae* / Majid Robatjazi**
Abū-torāb is one of Imam Ali's honorary agnomens used by
the holy Prophet at the Battle of Zāt al-Ashīra, addressing Imam Ali.
Apart from that battle, in some other occasions also, Imam Ali was
addressed by the holy Prophet in this way. Imam Ali's interest in this
agnomen betrays its being eulogistic; however, there are some accounts
suggesting that the holy Prophet used this agnomen as an insult to Imam
Ali. The present paper is seeking to make a critical review of these
accounts through their related texts and authorities.
A Study of the Events after
the Martyrdom of Imam Hussein
Muhammad Rezā Jabbāri*
The incident of Ashura and the martyrdom of Imam Hussein
are of utmost importance in the history of humanity. The greatness of
this incident can be studied through analyzing its backgrounds and the
causes, as well as its repercussions and effects. The greatness of this
incident is marked by the dramatic events, most of which occurring in
an extraordinary manner following the martyrdom of Imam Hussein. Some
of these events were relating to the elements of the universe such as
the sun, the moon, the stars and the earth. Some others were relating
to the prophets and the angles; there were still others relating to the
jinn and some special animals, and others relating to human beings. In
the present paper, through a review of the Shi'ah and Sunni
traditions, these happenings have been investigated in ten lines of
discussions.
KEY WORSD: Ashura, Imam Hussein, extraordinary
events, dramatic happenings, lunar eclipse, red and black storms,
raining of ash and blood, the crying of the elements of universe, the
prophets' crying, the crying of the angles, the crying of the jinn, the
crying of the animals
A Review and Evaluation of
al-Futūh with an Approach to the Incident of Karbala
Nematullah Safari Furushani* / Muhammad Ali Towhidi**
Through exploring biographies and bibliographies of the 3rd
and 4th centuries, one can find that the book entitled "al-Futūh" and
its author are not in their proper position. Similarly, the biography
of Kufan Ibn ’A'tham, his identity, religion, works and other
dimensions of his life have not yet been precisely identified. The
present study has taken form on the necessity of having more
identification of the book al-Futūh and a search in the biography of
its author. Although al-Futūh has been overshadowed due to some
accounts inconsistent with Sunni spirit, the real religious affiliation
of the author, who was seriously committed to the religion of the
caliphs, can be identified. Although Ibn ’A'tham does not give the
sources of his accounts properly, al-Futūh brings conventional
assurance for the readers due to the expertise of its author, as well
as its being specialized and the geometric relevance of its historical
accounts.
KEY WORDS: Kufan Ibn A'tham, al-Futūh, religion, historiography, documents, the incident of Karbala
The present study is seeking to present a clear picture of
the customs in Naseri period. Included in this study are these topics:
the quality of Iranian tariff system in that period, its management and
its function. The influence of Russian commercial bourgeoisie and that
of British industrial capitalism on Iran's economy and their impact on
tariff system of this country represents, above all, the necessity of a
concern for customs and fundamental reformations. Through a scrutiny
of the documents, however, it becomes clear that the function of the
customs in that period was focused just on its profit-making aspect and
the revenues obtained through it; it would hardly serve as a
preventive tool for supporting domestic productions and business
transactions. It thus seems not to have a defensible function.
KEY WORDS: the function of the customs, tariff system, tariff
Table of Contents
The Function of Customs in Naseri Period / Farajollah Ahmadi / Mas'ood Atashgarān 5
A Review and Evaluation of al-Futūh with an Approach to the Incident of Karbala / Nematullah Safari Furushani* / Muhammad Ali Towhidi....................................................................... 35
A Study of the Events after the Martyrdom of Imam Hussein / Muhammad Rezā Jabbāri 67
A Critical Review of the Accounts on the Agnomen "Abū-torāb" / Mahdi Pishvae / Majid Robatjazi 123
A Historical Investigation of Epic-Mythological Approach to the Ashura Incident (From the Safawid Period up to the Constitutionalism Period) / Muhsen Ranjbar.................................. 153
The Relation between Religion and State under Sarbedars / Mahdi Fathiniā 181
The Political Thought of Sheikh Ja'far Kāshif al-Ghitā' / Hussein Abadiyan / Zahra Munazzah 209
Vol.6, No. 3, Fall 2009
Proprietor: Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Licence Holder: Dr. Muhammad Reza Jabbari
Editor in Chief: Mahdi Pishvai
Executive Director: Majid RobatJazi
Editorial Board
Dr. Sadiq Ayinevand
Professor, Instructor Training University
Dr. Muhsen Alviri
Assistant Professor, Imam Sadiq Universit
Hujjat al-Islam Mahdi Pishvae
Research Manager, History Department, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Dr. Muhammad Reza Jabbari
Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Hujjat al-Islam Ya'qub Ja'fari
Professor & Researcher working on the Quranic Sciences and the history of Islam, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Dr. Muhsen Ranjbar
Hujjat al-islam Javad Soleimani
Dr. Sayyed Asghar Mahmudabadi
Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Associate Professor, Isfahan University
Faculty Member, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Dr. Asghar Muntazir al-Qaem
Associate Professor, Isfahan University
Dr. Hamed Muntazwri Mugaddam
Dr. Ali Muhammad Valavi
Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Associate Professor, Al-Zahra University
Hujjat al-Islam Muhammad Hadi Yusefi Gharavi
Professor & Researcher working on the history of Islam and Shiism
Scholarly Collaborators
Muhammad Dashti
Faculty Member, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute
Ali Gholami Dehaqi
Assistant Professore' Isfahan Medicine University
Musa Faqih Haqqani
The Chif Editor of the Quarterly "Tarikh Mo'asir" and the
Researches Assisstant or Researches assairs of the Institute for
Contemporary history Studies