Abstracts
 
 

Arab Conquerors and the Spread of Islam in al-ifrighiyyah Fahime Mokhber-Dezfoli
After the conquest of Egypt in the year 22 A.H. by Amr lbn-al-As, Ifrighiyyah came to the center of Arab conquerors' attention. Ifrighiyyah was conquered in the year 90 by Musa-bn-i Nusayr. As Islam entered this area towards the end of the 1st century A.H., there was great political, social and cultural change among the Berber inhabitants of this Iand, they adopting various attitudes vis-ب-vis the Muslim conquerors and then governors.
The effect Arab conquerors' treatment of the people had on the Berber tribes in obeying them and in the Berber conversion to Islam until the complete conquest of North Africa by the Muslims is the subject of this article.
  Ghom in the First Two Centuries A.H. Mohamad-Reza Pak
The ancient city of Ghom the revival of which, after its destruction by Alexander the Macedonian, is attributed to the Sasanid king, Ghobad, was conquered by the Arabs in 23 A.H.
Large-scale migration to the city by the Shi'ites in the late 3rd century (A.H.), transformed Ghom into a Shi'ah-inhabited city causing its boom and growth. This article, while briefly referring to Ghom's geographical situation and its historical geography in ancient times as well as early Muslim centuries, takes up the conquest of the city by the Muslim Arabs. The article also deals with the political, religious and social consequenes of the settlement of Shi'ite Arab tribes in Ghom in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.H.
  Theological Thoughts in Early Abbasid Period Khadidge Alemi
The most important historical event in early Abbasid period was the application of the power of "reason" by Muslims; a phenomenon that was reinforced by the "Translation Movement" as well. At that time, the Imami Shi'ah was a minority group which, because of various other sects' use of "reasoning", found itself to be facing a new situation. Although at this time, the Shi'ah imams resolved different theogoy and law problems, it seems that the Shi,ah scholars had come to the conclusion that without getting involved in the Translation Movement, the preservation of the Imami Shi'ah existence would not be easy.
Therefore, along with other contemporary sects such as the Mu'tazilah, the Imami Shi,ah theologians applied the power of reason and intellect in their theological arguments. This article deals with those early Imami Shi'ah theologians who through their debates and writings played a major role in saving the Imami Shi'ah school. Abu Hafs Kermani; an Unknown Historian Reza Kordi
The Iranian influence in the administrative affairs of the Abbasid khilafah was not limited to merely such dynasties of families as the Taherian or the Al-e Sahl, Al-e Barmak, Al-e Bakhtishu' and Al-e Nowbakht. Rather, many individuals, without being related to any prominet family, reached high-level civilian and military positions in this period. The paper before you tries to introduce one such individual called Abu Hafs Amr, or Umar Ibn-i Azragh Kermani, a literary and political figure and a historian of Ma'mun's era. Jahiz's Methods in Presenting Historical Reports Hosein Mradi-Nasab
By searching through Jahiz's work, his methods of determining the authenticity of reports can be obtained as a set of general rules. Proposing the rule of "Tab", he believes that people innately possess a sense of general and universal acceptance towards a certain matter. This innate universal acceptance can be a good criterion and standard to determine the correctness of historical reports. He also believes that if there is consensus about a report, there would be no room for any further interpretation or explanation regarding that report. He believes to understand and critique a hadith; relevant time and place, the context of revelation, the method of relator's reporting, and the requisites of the environment in which the hadith has been transmitted should all be taken into consideration in order to verify the original historical report.
In this article, following a brief introduction of Jahiz and his works, the most significant principles and rules applied by him in history-writing are evaluated. The Financial Sources of the Fatimid State Mahmood Khadgemirza
Undoubtedly, a decisive factor in survival of states, whether religious or non-religious, is a healthy economy. Following its establishment in Egypt and Syria, the Fatimid state had to find new ways to meet the high expenses of its Lsma'ili missionaries, and the immense costs of its court and competition with the Abbasids in Baghdad and the Umayyads in Spain. Therefore, in addition to the customary and legitimate finances of the past like khums, zakah, jizyah, mawghufat etc., it innovated new means of fund-raising such as ihtikar, najwa, usury (riba') and the like.
Thus, it managed to extend its life span and duration in the history of Islam considerably.
This paper discusses the various sources of government income in the fatimid state. The Isma,ilis of Esfahan Dr. Mohamad-Ali Chelongar
The activies of Iama,ilis in Esfahan began in the 3rd century A.H. The information on these activities is vague and ambiguous until the second half of the 5th century. Through these centuries, Ahmad Ibn-i Hosein, knomn as Dandan, and Abu Hatam Razi have been mentiomed to be connected with the Isma'ilis of this city in historical sources.
The peak of Isma'ili activities was during the Seljuq era. Two well-known Isma'ili da'is (inviters) of the time, Abbolmalik Ibn-i Attash and his son, Ahmad, led the Isma'ilis in the Seljuq period. During Abdolmalik's leadership, Esfahan was the center of Isma'ili activities.
While discussing the Isma'ili efforts in Esfahan, this article also deals with their relations with the Fatimids of Egypt, the Nizari Ismah'ilis of Alamut and the Hanafi and Shafi'i Sunnite scholars. At the end, there comes a list of the men assassinated by the Isma'ilis of Esfahan. A New Interpretation of the Economic History of Medieval Egypt A.H., 868-1171 AD Gladys Frantz-Murphy
Trans: Msum-Ali pandge, Mortaza Karimi
The present text is an investigation on Egypt's economy during the Tulunid and Fatimid periods with an emphasis on the role of the textile industry. Using Arabic papyrus documents plus original historical Egyptian sources of Islamic era, the writer wants to prove the hypothesis that Epypt's economic growth and prosperity in the Middle Ages, particularly in the Tulunid period, had been rooted in the growth and expancion of its textile industry. Claude Kahn, the famous French orientalist, has called the present article a facinating example of the use of papyrus documents in a historical research.
Sources of investment in the textile industry, the investors, the role of government officials and semi-official individuals, the distribution and exchange system, job creation and relations amomg people involved in this industry are among issues dealt with in this article. Some considerations on the Sunni Theory of the Caliphate  Hamilton A.R.Gib
Trans: Nasrolah Salehi
In the article before you whose objective is to reviw the Sunnite view on the issue of khilafah, Gibe centers his argument on four basic opints:
1. He disagrees with the opinion of those who believe Mawardi had embarked on the exposition of the ultimate Sunnite opinion on the issue of khilafah.
2. He deals with the Ash'aris' opinion on the issue of khilafah and the fate of that opinion following its later transformation.
3. He reviews the different aspects of the khilafah theory and its relevance to the imamah theoty in the Ottoman Empire.
4. He concludes that there had not been any generally accepted opinion on the issue of khilafah among the Sunnite communities throughout history.